Types of antibiotics

Types of antibiotics that are categorized by the chemical structure is as follows :

    Penicillin ( Penicillins )
    Cephalosporin ( Cephalosporins )
    Aminoglycoside ( aminoglycosides )
    Macrolides ( Macrolides )
    Sulfonamides ( sulfonamides )
    fluoroquinolones
    Tetracycline ( Tetracyclines )
    Polypeptides ( polypeptides )1 . Penicillin ( Penicillins )Penicillins or beta- lactam antibiotics are a class of antibiotics that destroy the cell walls of bacteria when the bacteria are in the process of reproduction .Penicillin is a bactericidal agent group consisting of penicillin G , penicillin V , ampicillin , ticarcillin , cloxacillin , oxacillin , amoxicillin , and nafcillin .Antibiotics are used to treat infections associated with skin , teeth , eyes , ears , respiratory tract , etc. .Some people may be allergic to penicillin with complaints of rash or fever due to hypersensitivity to antibiotics .Often penicillin was given in combination with various other types of antibiotics .2 . Cephalosporin ( Cephalosporins )Cephalosporins , such as penicillin , works by interfering with the formation of the bacterial cell wall during reproduction .However , these antibiotics are able to treat a variety of bacterial infections that can not be treated with penicillin , such as meningitis , gonorrhea , etc. .In cases where people are sensitive to penicillin , the cephalosporin can be given as an alternative .However , in many cases , when a person is allergic to penicillin , then most likely he will be allergic to cephalosporins as well .Rash , diarrhea , abdominal cramps , and fever are the side effects of these antibiotics .3 . Aminoglycoside ( aminoglycosides )These antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein formation .Because effective in inhibiting bacterial protein production , given, among other aminoglycosides for treating typhoid and pneumonia .Although effective in treating bacteria that cause infections , there is a risk of bacteria increasingly resistant to these antibiotics .Aminoglycosides are also given in combination with penicillin or cephalosporin .Aminoglycosides effectively control and treat bacterial infections , but potentially debilitating kidney and liver function .
4 . Macrolides ( Macrolides )Just as before , these antibiotics interfere with bacterial protein formation .Macrolides prevent bacterial protein biosynthesis and is usually given to treat patients who are very sensitive to penicillin .Macrolides have a broader spectrum than penicillin and is used to treat respiratory tract infections , gastric tract infections , etc. .Gastrointestinal discomfort , nausea , and diarrhea are some of the side effects of macrolides .In addition , pregnant and nursing women should not take macrolides .5 . Sulfonamides ( sulfonamides )These drugs are effective in treating kidney infection , but unfortunately have harmful effects on the kidneys .To prevent the formation of crystalline drug , the patient should drink large amounts of water . One of the sulfa drugs most commonly used are gantrisin .6 . fluoroquinolonesFluoroquinolones are the only class of antibiotics that directly stop the synthesis of bacterial DNA .Because it can be absorbed very well by the body , fluoroquinolones can be administered orally .These antibiotics are considered relatively safe and widely used to treat urinary tract infections and respiratory tract .However , fluoroquinolones thought to affect bone growth . That's because, this drug is not recommended for pregnant women or children .Side effects that often arise include nausea , vomiting , diarrhea , etc.7 . Tetracycline ( tetracyclines ) and polypeptides ( polypeptides )Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic used to treat a variety of infections such as middle ear infections , respiratory tract , urinary tract , etc. .Patients with liver problems should be careful when taking tetracycline because it can aggravate the problem .Polypeptide is considered sufficiently toxic that is mainly used on the surface of the skin.When injected into the skin , the polypeptide can cause side effects such as kidney damage and nerve .